Subsídios para o planejamento do manejo de florestas tropicais da Amazônia

Abstract

The aim of this work is to rise up a procedure to support the management plans. This research is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter, the introduction, with justification and the objectives of the work are referred. In the second chapter, a review of the literature about management of natural tropical forests is done, considering the difficulties, general and special conditions for effective implementation of the management of natural tropical forests. In the third chapter, it is defined the fundamental point of this work: to propose a procedure for calculating the cutting rate using the method BDq in combination with the growth of species with similar percentage volume increment. In the fourth chapter, it is suggested a procedure for detailed logging plan: road network planning; it was calculated the load and time of the skidder cycle; designed the size and performance of teams and all is compared with outputs obtained on the field. In the fifth chapter, using the method of ratio of diameter movement , fed with data from the permanent plot, a stand table projection of the diameter classes to assess the sustainability of cut rate for the period is done. The sixth chapter is a proposal for monitoring the management system. Finally, the seventh chapter analyses the economic viability of the compartment. Regarding the results for cutting rate from the compartment of 547 ha have been identified 3 groups of species with different rates of growth. Cut intensities were defined as 32.58% for group I; 48.62% for group II; and 56.23% % for group III. The total extraction for all compartment was 50.8%. The potential of the compartment was 17,021.46 m³ (31.11 m³ / ha), and the sustainable rate of cutting was 8,649.97 m³ (15.81 m³ / ha). To recover this extraction it is necessary a MAI of 0.63 m³ / ha / year. The logging indexes were: the optimal distance between landings was 540m. The optimum secondary road density calculated was 18.49 m / ha and the actual obtained in the field is, 21m/ha. The calculation of optimal number of landings was 24, to serve to 23 hectares each one, with capacity of 368m³ of timber in two stages, comprising only 0.22% of the area of the compartment. The maximum load capacity to Skidder was 7 ton in clay ground, dry, without structure and with a maximum gradient of 15%, and 4.6 ton in sand soil, slope of up to 10%. The average cycle time to skid was 11 minutes and 42 seconds; the average load of 6.11 tons was found. The stand table projection indicated an increase of mean annual increment (MAI) of 0.64 m³ / ha / year in the commercial classes (up to 45 DHB) and 0.67 m³ / ha / year in the above classes of 25 DBH. The ingress in the commercial classes was 4.17 trees per hectare to a cut cycle of 25 years. These data report that the recovery is feasible for the rate cut foreseen. It was also simulated a removal of all commercial classes (31.11 m³ / ha), and the result to cut cycle was an increment was 0.35 m³ / ha / year replacing only 28%. This reinforces the importance of evaluating the structure of the forest, besides the sustainable rate cut, to guarantee a replacement of adequate MAI. The girth limit for maximum production was 75 cm of DHB in this stand. The checklist about the sustainability of logging operations shows the adaptation of the enterprise to the new concepts of management. About the economical valuation, it was positive according Net Preset Value for the taxes of 6% a.a ., getting R$ 439,81/ha and R$ 240.579,31 for all compartment of 547 ha.