Cultivo do trigo duplo propósito em sistemas silvipastoris

Abstract

The intercropping between two species of agronomic interest adds more complex research and guidelines, as there is growth, development and resource sharing. When not planned correctly the consortium may bring harm. Thus, silvopastoral systems, characterized by cultivating a consortium of tree species and forage species, can cause production losses due to natural shading tax species in the understory. Seeking to create new alternatives of tree species to compose silvopastoral systems, the objective of this study was to analyze the dual purpose wheat cultivation in different silvopastoral systems. Tree species that comprised the SSP's were red mimosa (Parapiptadenia rigida) canafístula (Peltophorum dubium), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) and guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahyba), in addition to growing in full sun environment. The dual purpose wheat genotype used was BRS Tarumã (Triticum aestivum). It was observed the change of weather elements, solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity inside the shaded environments. The reduction in light intensity affected the growth and development of wheat and stimulated culture change morphoanatomic structures to survive this stress. It was observed under shading conditions that wheat plants have increased the number and volume of intercellular spaces, reduced substomatic and cutinização cells. It found an increase in the thickness of paper and reduction in stomatal density. Plants grown in shaded environments had lower values of LAI, staying for shorter periods of time. As a result increase was observed in the same conversion efficiency, however, the end yield of dry matter and grain yield is adversely affected. The leaf emission was affected by the variation in brightness between the environments. Treatments with high transmissivity ensured higher leaf emission in wheat plants. Most phyllochron was observed in shaded environments while growing full sun got much smaller phyllochron values. The variation in the intensity of solar radiation impose changes both morphoanatomic as the growth and development of wheat plants. It is essential for the culture to develop changes in a plant structure in order to acclimatise to the environment with radiation deficit.