Resposta da soja à aplicação de nitrogênio em sistemas de implantação em ambiente de várzea e modificações anatômicas em condições de hipoxia

Abstract

Soybean has gained space in lowland areas. Where before had only irrigated rice, grows the interest for soybean, due to to rising issues on weed control and the interst for crop diversification in the same farm. However, the management used and the natural characteristics of lowland areas with rice cultivation collaborate for maintaining saturated soil in the field. Considering the cultivation of an upland crop, it is necessary that some management changes be done to benefit the establishment and development of the crop. In the first experiment different moments of broadcast Nitrogen (N) application were tested, in order to nurish the plant with the nutrient to help the biologic N fixation, that in saturated soils, is damaged. Also was used two seeding mechanisms, the conventional (offset double disc) and a mechanism that disrupts the compacted layer (planter shank) present in lowland soils. There was no difference between N application treatments. However, for the different mechanisms there was a difference in development and productivity, highlighting the planter shank. The second experiment was performed in the greenhouse also using cultivar TECIRGA 6070 RR, with the aim of observing anatomical modifications and their possible benefits among different time of saturation and vegetative stages. The aerenchymas were formed in the hypocotyl and roots, which were used as a survival mechanism by the plant when soil was saturated in the VC-V1 stage during six days, along with the adventitious roots. In the V6 stage, the aerenchymas showed better development, but due to tissue fragility and soil resistance, there was rupture of the atmospheric air conducting canals, formed by aerenchyma. This rupture occurred between the hypocotyl and the root, filling the canals with water and stopping the air conduction to submerged roots.In this stage the plant survived only with the support of the adventitious roots, formed on the plants hypocotyl.