Potencial de ciclagem de nitrogênio e potássio pelo nabo forrageiro intercalar ao cultivo do milho e trigo sob plantio direto

Abstract

The best understanding of nutrients cycling by crops provides a clearer vision of the contribution of the plants in the accumulation and availability of nutrients in no -tillage. The hypothesis of this work is that the use of the oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. olereifus Metzg.) before the wheat increase the yield and absorption of nitrogen and potassium for this crop. To test this hypothesis, was carried out two experiments with the objective of evaluate the potential of the oilseed radish to cycle nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) when cultivated after corn and before wheat. The specific objectives were to evaluate the diferencial of absorption of nitrogen and potassium for the wheat in the treatments with and without oilseed radish before wheat and grain yield of the cash crops involved. For that, tissue analysis were made for the crops and accumulation of these elements were determined as well as your exportation. The two experiments were carried out in a same experimental area in a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico Tipico, in a rural property in Fortaleza of Valos, RS. The experimental design was random blocks with three repetitions in strips with subsubdivided plots. The treatments of the experiment I consisted of different dosis of N (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha -1) and of K2O (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) applied to the corn preceded by the black oat (Avena strigosa). In the experiment II was used the same dosis of N of the experiment I, with the use of 80 kg of K2O ha-1 in all plots applied in the corn preceded by the black oat+commom vetch (Vicia sativa). After corn harvest, oilseed radish was seeded in half of each plot of the two experiments, staying. The other half without crop during a 97 days period. After the dry matter sampling of the oilseed radish, the wheat was seeded in the whole experimental area. The different cover crops used preceding the corn influenced the corn production of dry matter and the nutrients accumulation. The corn dosis of N used showed significant increment in the acumulation nutrients, dry mass and grain yield, while the dosis of K2O didn't have statiscally effect for the same parameters. The largest dose of applied N to the corn resulted in larger accumulation of dry matter, N, P and K of the oilseed radish in the two experiments. For the addition of C, the same effect was found in the experiment I, but in the experiment II there was not statistics differences. The amount of K accumulated for oilseed radish were much larger than the amount exported by the corn and wheat grains, indicating the large capacity of absorption of K by this situations of high availability. The production of wheat dry matter and grains and the accumulated nutrients were larger where there was the cultivation of the oilseed radish than where no cultivation preceded the culture of the wheat and the addition of C was increased with the addition of the dosis of N in the corn and with the cultivation of the oilseed radish after corn and before wheat