Indução de citotoxicidade, estresse oxidativo e genotoxicidade por pastas obturadoras para dentes decíduos

Abstract

In addition to chemical mechanical preparation, pulp therapy for primary teeth requires a root canal filling that is able to maintain the antimicrobial activity to sanitize the root canal. Since the materials are in close contact with the dental tissues, it is essential to perform biocompatibility testing to certify the safety of these products for clinical application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in vitro of four iodoform pastes, three calcium hydroxide pastes, and their main components. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and DNA from calf thymus were exposed to extracts of these products. Cytotoxicity was assessed with an MTT assay. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by a DCFH-DA assay, and lipid peroxidation was evaluated by a TBARS assay. The genotoxicity was evaluated using alkaline comet assay and GEMO assay. All tests were performed at 24 and 72 h, except for GEMO. After Kolmogorov Smirnov test, the results were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn s test, ANOVA, and Dunnett s test (p<0.05). In the MTT assay, the chlorhexidine, Maxitrol®, neomycin sulfate + bacitracin pastes, and their components (chlorhexidine, propylene glycol, and camphorated parachlorophenol) decreased cell viability after 24 h. After 72 h, no change was observed in cell viability and lipid peroxidation for any of the groups. Lipid peroxidation was observed with exposure to calcium hydroxide pastes, calcium hydroxide, and iodoform after 24 h. Exposure to chlorhexidine, Guedes-Pinto, calcium hydroxide pastes, chlorhexidine, neomycin sulfate + bacitracin, camphorated parachlorophenol, iodoform, and calcium hydroxide resulted in an increase in ROS after 24 h, whereas propylene glycol, iodoform pastes, and their components (except for iodoform alone), increased the ROS after 72 h. In the comet assay, damaged DNA was not present with exposure to iodoform pastes for both times. However, in the GEMO assay, the chlorhexidine paste showed genotoxic effects. Calcium hydroxide paste and calcium hydroxide caused DNA damage in both tests. Thus, the pastes and components varied in their ability to induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress. In general, the Guedes-Pinto, Maxitrol®, and neomycin sulfate + bacitracin pastes exhibited better biocompatibility in vitro.