O brincar e as estereotipias em crianças do espectro autista diante da terapia fonoaudiológica de concepção interacionista

Abstract

The disorders of the autistic spectrum is a mystery to the clinics and to the researchers who are committed to unmask them, overall by the linguistic characteristics and of the social interaction presented by children with this psychopathology, as the stereotypes and the peculiarities when they play. This research was focused on the investigation of the evolutionary significance of the play and of the verbal and non verbal stereotypes in children of the autistic spectrum from the therapy of language in an interactionism perspective. Three boys with diagnoses of Global Development Disorder participated of this study, their mothers and the speech responsible by the conduction of the therapeutic process. Films of thirty minutes were made with the children in interaction with their mothers or with the speech in the free play during the first and eighth months of the continued therapy. Continued interviews also were made with the mothers. The data were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively at the light of the psychoanalysis, as theory of the subjectivity, and of the interactionism, like theory of the language acquisition. In the three cases, it was observed the family impact caused in the maternal feeling by the diagnose of autism; precariousness of the dialogic relation, in which the interaction was marked by intrusive behaviors, excess of order of information, troubles of pedagogical matrix and difficult of understanding what the children talked or showed, what caused increase of stereotypes. The inclusion of mothers in the therapeutic process through the continued interviews and participations in the sessions helped in the improving of the maternal bond with the children and it improved the dialogic. There was also progress in the play of subjects and changes were registered in the object relation. The stereotypes diminished considerably with the operation of the subjects in the language and this occurred by the improving in the dialogic activity mother-son. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the proposal of interactionism conception produces important effects in the play and in the functioning of the individuals in the language.