O comportamento da indústria de transformação brasileira entre 1996 e 2011: uma análise a partir de indicadores técnicos e econômicos

Abstract

This thesis aims to analyze the behavior of Brazilian manufacturing industry through technical and economic indicators from 1996 to 2011. Methodology includes the use of technical indicators as productive density, labor productivity, cost margin regarding labor, as well as raw materials, operational actions, production; and indicators of current profitability from the net surplus margin and mark up, and global one, through profit margin. Also, to use the classification of industries (made by technological intensity) it was used the OECD methodology. The theoretical framework discusses concepts of market structures under a dynamic point of view involving elements of manufacturing industry, such as technical progress. It has as hypothesis the overall changes in Brazilian economy; both regarding to institutional reforms, to economic policies in the 1990s and 2000, as well as the changes associated to the context of industry impacted asymmetrically some sectors (industries), especially on the technical-productive and economic indicators. From the results, in general, it was found reduction on labor productivity and lower density in productive chains of various industrial groups, especially considering those with higher technological level. In other words, the manufacturing industry showed less ability of human resource to aggregate value to product, as well as to create value in the production process. Otherwise, considering the cost margin and profitability indicators, they also showed an asymmetric behavior. While there was an average reduction of the production cost margin in the grand total of the manufacturing industry due to the reduction of labor cost margin, there was among industrial groups a bit defined movement, although it was not widespread. In many sectors, the fall in labor margin cost contributed for increasing the net surplus margin, even though not always accompanied by higher profit margin considering the rising of cost margins with industrial operations. The variations of costs and production margins also reflect variations in mark-up, this one showed a small increase for the manufacturing industry and a very asymmetric behavior for different industry groups. Although having short-term variations and the fact that few sectors have decreased the relation price/direct cost, the vast majority remained at the same level or increased in some cases.