Estudo de uma sequência didática na perspectiva de Ausubel para alunos do sexto ano do ensino fundamental sobre astronomia

Abstract

Astronomy, the oldest science, besides having a motivating character and great educational potential, it also works as an integrative science, which is possible to empirically verify a large diffusion of conception of common sense referent to astronomic phenomenon. However, there are many errors and the incoherent information presented in the offered didactic books, in schools, by the Plano Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), because of it the importance of working with Astronomy science, in the Basic Education, as an instigator manner, since it interacts easily to almost all of the curriculum subjects. In view of that scenery, this study structures and suggests a complementary and innovative didactic proposal to the existing traditional teaching, which is able to reach a meaningful learning to the students, from the previous knowledge they have about Astronomy. Therefore, this proposal was conducted at the 61 and 62 classes of the 6th grade at Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Vicente Farencena, located in Santa Maria RS. The activities were planned to go through the curricular evaluation perspectives of the Science and Geography subjects and developed by the titular professor of this subjects and the study researcher. Each meeting was called by themes covering Astronomy, namely: Astronomy History; Orientation; Earth Planet - phases of the moon; Earth Planet seasons of the year and Solar System, and based on recreational dynamics and practical activities. For the implementation of the activities we used the intraclass method and followed the phases of the David Ausubel‟s Meaningful Learning Theory (1978-2003). The methodological approach was based on the quasi- experimental method, with these evaluative instruments: pre-test for conceptual organization, evaluation of subsumer and advanced organizers; post-test for the quantitative analysis; attitudinal questionnaire in Likert scale of Sciences, to detect the students‟ attitude across the Sciences subject; activities with drawing and subjective questions for the qualitative analysis. The results of this study were able to provide support for the preparation of materials for the Astronomy teaching, in Elementary School, as a practical way, within the school. Other relevant aspects on the curricular development for scientific research inclusion were also approached.