Análise dos sistemas de produção vitícola familiar, orgânico e convencional, na Serra Gaúcha (RS)

Abstract

The rural development strategies, associated with the debate on family farms, have emphasized alternative forms of agricultural land for the territories of Rio Grande do Sul, which are contemplated by a large diversity of production systems. In Serra Gaúcha, there is significant production of grapes, with organic basis, as well as conventional. Although both systems coexist, have typical characteristics to the modus operandi of farmers. The decisions are basically driven by strategic objectives and dependents of the potential and limitations of organizations to provide benefits and minimize uncertainties. Thus, the research aims to identify which system of production has the best economic result, since it can influence the adoption of one or another system. For this purpose, the research has a quantitative and inductive nature, delineated by the applied method, with exploratory goals and survey procedure using semi-structured interview. Operationally, were characterized the different production systems through descriptive analysis and comparison of means. The means analyzed illustrated that the outcome variables of organic production system are lower than the same average of conventional system. Considering the classification of costs, there was a similar behavior in the distribution of costs in both production systems, with the largest expenditures are concentrated in fixed costs, with significant representation of family labor. In variable costs, the use of fungicide, fertilizer and corrective collaborate to increase the total cost. Moreover, the test t-independent indicated that for fixed costs, variable costs, operating costs, total cost and total gross income there is no significant differences between the systems. However, the same test revealed significant differences between gross margins, operating income and net margins on both production systems. Although the composition of costs present similar dynamics, in conventional system gross, total and operating income are larger than in the organic system. The same applies to the net margin, even if it is negative, indicating a possible decapitalization of production systems in the long term. Due to the peculiarities of agricultural production, the process of making decisions about how, what and how produce is influenced by the availability of resources, the economic and financial objectives and the implications of these actions on the well-being of family members. Therefore, to identify the condition closest to the ideal condition, that determinate the farmer adopt for one or another system of production, can be a challenge for researchers.