Análise da gestão dos tratamentos dos efluentes gerados nos abatedouros de bovinos de São Luiz Gonzaga

Abstract

The slaughterhouses of bovines utilized great amounts of water. It can reach 2,500 liters by animal slaughtered, generating residuary waters carried with high organic loads and solid concentration in suspension. The solid residue production is also elevated. They are from animal excremental deposition in the transport trucks during the confinement which precedes the slaughter. And also from non-edible by-products originated from the industry process. The applications of environmental and quality management techniques have reduced the residue release in a significant way in the food industries, though this reduction limits itself to the necessary hygienization of their processes. Despite the advances, both the generation and the dumping of the waste without adequate fate utilizing mainly the water as vehicle. Finally, effluents are voluminous and represent a serious environmental problem. The current research had as focus to know the reality of the chief bovine slaughterhouses of São Luiz Gonzaga municipality in order to identify and analyze the methods adopted by slaughterhouses as the management of effluents produced in each of them. Firstly a bibliographical survey was carried out. Samples of effluents were collected and sent for laboratory analysis of the physical-chemical features in order to verify if they have the characteristics demanded in the the emission patterns. The slaughterhouse images were recorded and the managers and the officials interviewed for identifying the degree of perception of the responsibility in each category. This study characterizes itself as a field exploratory and descriptive research approached in a qualitative form. The result shows that the components of the analyzed enterprises understand the importance of an environmental management program, but don t adopt any model or methodology which fulfills to the requirement of Environmental Legislation and that shows clearly their participation and commitment with this issue.