Mastocitose sistêmica em um cão: relato de caso

Abstract

The mast cell tumor is considered one of the most common skin tumors in dogs, with a predisposition for certain breeds such as Boxer, Pug, Labrador and Weimaraner, but has been diagnosed in dogs of any breed or mixed breed, having no sex predilection and most frequently occurs in dogs midlife. The mast cell tumor can be localized or disseminated (systemic mastocytosis), affecting mainly the spleen, liver, intestine and bone marrow. This neoplasm is composed of mast cells, which are round cells with varied number of metachromatic granules in their cytoplasm. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) is considered in most cases definitive for cell morphology, and the realization of the histhopathological assess is required for tumour grade. In the complete blood count, eosinophilia may be present, mastocitemia, neutrophilia and/or anemia. Other additional tests may be performed as radiography, ultrasonography, biochemical profiles, analysis of cavity fluid, when it is present, and biopsies. This study aims to report the case of a canine cutaneous mast cell tumors associated with mastocitemia and subsequent finding of systemic mastocytosis. The animal had a lump in sternum area and had the presence of thoracic fluid. In FNA of the nodule was diagnosed mastocytoma and in the cytologic analysis of the fluid had mast cells. In addition, in the blood smears mast cells were present, indicating mastocitemia, and in the histopathological assessment was found systemic mastocytosis. From the evaluation of this case report, we conclude that it is indispensable to perform additional tests available to aid in diagnosis of mastocytoma and its possible systemic complications.