Prevalência de periodontite apical de população rural e de uma subpopulação urbana

Abstract

This thesis is composed by two scientific articles whose main theme is apical periodontitis (AP). Article 1: this research aimed to describe the prevalence and the extent of AP and prevalence of endodontic treatment in an adult population from a representative sample. Data collection targeted the population from Rosário do Sul – RS rural area, from 2015 March to 2016 May. Sociodemographic variables were collected besides the execution of clinical and radiographic exam. The radiographic images were obtained through digital sensor with complete periapical levy. After this, they were evaluated through periapical index (PAI) to dichotomized statistical analysis for absence (indexes 1 and 2) or presence (3 to 5) of PA. The frequency of root remaining, endodontic-periodontal lesion and intern and extern reabsorption related to dental organ were also observed. Descriptve analysis were performed through means, standard deviate and frequencies to gather data about individual characteristics and about obtained radiographic characteristics. 584 individuals were included, population average age of 47.30 years (18 - 93), who were equally distributed between men (295) and women (293). PA was present in 352 (60.3%) of the included subjects – minimum of 1 and maximum of 12 teeth with PA for each subject. 11,600 teeth were evaluated, with an amount of 891 (5.4%) which were affected by the pathology in the entire sample; the prevalence of endodontic treatment was 1.2% (191), and the most prevalent alteration was root remnant (250). The conclusion is that the PA prevalence in this rural community was 60.3% from the subjects; the age from 40 to 60 years presented the highest percentage; and the pathology affected superior teeth more. Article 2: this survey aimed to describe the prevalence of apical periodontitis in adults who were submitted to digital panoramic radiograph at Centro Universitário Franciscano radiology department from 2015 to 2016. Data, as gender, age, present teeth and dental losses from the subjects, were collected. The teeth were classified about presence or absence of apical periodontitis. Apical periodontitis was defined as the tooth in which there was growth twice as large as the normal diameter of the lateral periodontal ligament in the same tooth, or loss of the hard blade, or reabsorption of bone tissue. Another alterations related to the teeth were observed. Descriptive analysis were performed through means, standard deviate and frequencies. The sample was composed by 660 digital panoramic radiographs,, corresponding to 393 women and 267 men, with average age of 41 (18 - 83) years. PA was present in 339 (51.5%) of the subjects. 15,627 teeth were evaluated, in which 801 (4.3%) presented apical periodontitis, the frequency of endodontic treatment was 841 (4.6%) of the teeth The association between PA and endodontics was observed in 191 teeth, totalizing 1% of the sample. The conclusion is that the prevalence of apical periodontitis, in this sample, presented the frequency of 51.4%, that is 339 subjects presented at least one lesioned tooth; PA was present in 801 (4.3%) of the evaluated teeth; the age from 40 to 60 years had the highest prevalence; and the pathology affected lower molar teeth more, followed by upper molars.