A estereotipagem na representação cômica – a mulher no humor da TV Globo de 1970 a 1981

Abstract

This study aimed to identify how women were stereotyped in comedy TV Shows from the 1970s shown on TV Globo. Specifically, TV Shows Faça Humor, Não Faça Guerra (1970), Satiricom (1974), Chico City (1977) and O Planeta dos Homens (1980 and 1981). With film analysis methodology applied to particularity of fragment and repetition of television aesthetics, an internal and external analysis was undertaken jointly based in Penafria (2009) and Aumont & Marie (2004). Through bibliographic research and articles in newspaper O Globo in 1970s, the external analysis investigated cultural matrixes that formed the genre of comedy in TV Globo. Guided by the first map of the cultural mediations of communication thought by Martín-Barbero (2015), we verified the historical, aesthetic and narrative impacts of Teatro de Revista, Chanchada and radio humor in TV Shows analyzed. The impact of Military Government Censorship, as well as feminist and women's movements known as the "second wave", on the routine production of these programs was also investigated. It was also identified that the TV Shows presented themselves as an instance of masculinized comedy, having as main protagonists men comedians. For internal analysis, we put the comedy (television genres) as producer and reproducer of stereotypes, explaining how processes of representing the stereotype cross the comical dimension, qualifying stereotyping concept. This concept was put on the perspective of the Other representation (WOODWAARD, 2003), through fetishism (BHABHA, 1998), in identity construction across constitutive outside (HALL, 1996; 2016), in an condensation and transgression environment (ECO, 1989) which is used to recognize norms or to correct of the represented subject or group (BERGSON, 2001). Organized into 4 (four) categories according to a hierarchy that considers perceptions of women's protagonist in each comical scene, a mosaic of representations was observed in internal analysis, noting some patterns: the woman as an unfaithful wife, as a fatal seductress, as consumerists and in searching a man, responding to a male ideology about the female. While it was noticed in TV Show O Planeta dos Homens (1980 and 1981) some sketches and double acts which presented jokes from female point of view, revealing a space in dispute.