Perspectiva dos atores e o programa fomento às atividades produtivas rurais em comunidades quilombolas de São Lourenço do Sul/RS

Abstract

Considering the implementation of the Program for the Rural Productive Activities Development, an instrument of the Brazil Without Poverty Program in rural areas, in quilombola communities of the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, in the southern zone of RS, the objective of this paper is to identify and analyze perceptions and strategies of quilombola families in the face of rural poverty, starting from the implementation of the Development Program, bringing to the fore rural poverty in these communities, as well as contributions of the program and its relationship with the strategies of these actors. It starts on the theoretical deepening of rural poverty, considering the multidimensionality of this phenomenon and the interrelations between the poverty characteristics and its relation with constitution processes and territorialization of the quilombola communities in the context of the study. It has been based on the interpretative approach for the understanding of the public policies from the actors involved and in the perspective oriented to them. In addition to documentary research, data from questionnaires conducted by EMATER for the diagnosis of UPFs in 2012 and for the evaluation in 2014, as well as interviews with the actors involved in the Program (social mediators and quilombola families) were used. The faces of extreme poverty, revealed from the diagnosis, showed the various deprivations to which the families are exposed. The perception of the people involved about the results and contributions of the Development Program was identified through interviews with quilombola families and social mediators and the evaluation tool of the program, highlighting as the main contributions to the families life quality the feeding (92.86%), the income (89.29%) and the social relationship (85.71%); 100% of the families emphasize the increase of self-confidence converging with the category of greater frequency regarding the contributions, that was "people". It is concluded that, even in adverse conditions, these actors develop resistance and social reproduction active strategies, which were strengthened through the Program and articulated public policies, such as housing. However, the main families‟ aspirations at the end of the program, which are housing, land and income, require a greater reach of public policies and structural actions, in addition to the "initial impulse" of the Development Program.