Plantas de cobertura de outono/inverno e suas relações com a cultura da soja

Abstract

Increasing global demand for food is a major challenge for modern and sustainable agriculture. As an essential factor in this process, the soil is a renewable resource, however, improper soil management through agricultural activities can over time bring serious consequences, depleting its organic and mineral reserves, turning soils with great production potential into soils. low fertility. In this sense, it is necessary a system that provides improvements to our soils, so the use of soil cover plants is an ecological and economical alternative to properly manage the soil, enabling the balance of physical, chemical and biological properties, which revolve around the soil-plant system. Faced with this scenario, in order to promote productivity increase while maintaining sustainability, precision agriculture (PA) plays a leading role, since it is considered as a set of technologies aimed at increasing the agronomic efficiency of production with differentiated management of agricultural areas. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield of soybean crop in succession to 20 different vegetation cover systems, as well as to verify the penetration resistance (RP) of the soil and to analyze the response of treatments in soybean crop grown in 20 different ways. of mulch. The study was conducted in an experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria, located in Frederico Westphalen - RS, during two agricultural years (2017/2018 and 2018/2019). Twenty treatments were used, being 11 cover plant blends, 9 "single" species and winter fallow. The dry mass of the treatments, yield and other yield components of the soybean crop were analyzed, and the penetration resistance (PR) of the soil was verified at three different times. Finally, the research sought to verify a correlation between what was analyzed with soybean crop yield. The results were not statistically significant in the first two years for most of the variables analyzed.