Usina hidrelétrica de Tucuruí: uma abordagem evolucionária dos impactos socioeconômicos, utilizando a metodologia DPSIR.

Abstract

The present study aims at an approach based on a historical review of the socioeconomic impacts of the implementation of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant in the state of Pará, using the DPSIR (Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impact and Response). To do so, based on institutional documents and research that highlighted the main objectives set for the development of regional and local public policies. This work is justified due to the artifice used by the State for the Amazonian territorial recompositing, mainly in the military governments of 1950, which instituted actions based on industrial growth, which were not able to equalize the social, environmental and economic factors, resulting in disparities in the arrangements populations, and pressures on soils, rivers and forests. The DPSIR methodology allowed a schematic approach and integrated evaluation of the driving forces (D) that directed the projects to the implantation sites, which impressed socioeconomic and environmental pressures (P) on the initial state (S) of the resources involved, producing impacts (I) together with the local population and natural resources, it is still possible to understand the systematic responses (R) for each item of the framework. Thus, geo-politics of territorializing was the deterministic basis of the driving force (D), which was inserted in the development of an industrial base in order to integrate the state of Pará into the world production processes. an inexorable source of energy, in this case taking advantage of the provision of water resources in the region was presented as a solution to the Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPP). The Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant emerged in the 1970s to structurally finance the metallurgical-mining park filled by the iron ore reserves of the Grande Carajás Project. This demanded pressures (P), among them, the population swelling from the movement sponsored by the government to the region, as well as the socioeconomic re location of the state, inflicting on spatial and environmental reordering. Changes in the initial state (S) of the resources that produced impacts (I) on soil and water quality, high unemployment rates resulting from rural exodus, reallocation of population centers and disparities in human development indices municipalities directly and indirectly affected. The answers (R) are related to the development of legal frameworks for the format of new, more holistic and inclusive public policies, as well as mitigating actions for the surrounding population that are organized locally to defend their territory.