Concentração e composição da solução nutritiva na produção e citogenotoxicidade do óleo essencial da Salvia officinalis L.

Abstract

Salvia has several therapeutic properties, besides producing essential oil that is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of nutrient solution concentration and composition on the production of fresh and dry salvia mass at different collection intervals, yield and chemical composition of the essential oil and its effect on cell division and genetic material Allium cepa L. The experiments were conducted at the Department of Plants Sciencesof the UFSM in soilless cultivation. The first experiment was conducted from September 2016 to February 2017, in which five concentrations of nutrient solutions were tested (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 dS m-1) and three collection intervals (50, 100 and 150 DAP). The second experiment was implemented in September 2017, in which different nutrient solution compositions were evaluated. The treatments consisted of different combinations of nutrients: (N)a - (K)a (Ca + Mg)b; (N)a - (K)b (Ca + Mg)a; (N)b - (K)a (Ca + Mg)b; (N)b - (K)b (Ca + Mg)a, where “a” is considered high level and “b” low level, besides the control. In both experiments, the essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation in a clevenger device. The variables analyzed were: fresh and dry leaf mass, content, yield and chemical composition of the essential oil. And in the second experiment were also analyzed the levels of macro and micronutrients in plants. A third experiment was carried out at the Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory of the UFSM Department of Biology, which evaluated the genotoxic and antiproliferative effect of the essential oil at a concentration of 0.25% by the Allium cepa test. The results showed that the highest fresh mass production and oil yield is obtained with the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution of 1.0 dS m-1 and low N concentrations (9.20 to 9.30 mmol L-1), associated with a low (0.30) or close to 1.00 cationic (K / Ca + Mg) ratio, with collection at 130 or 150 DAP. The main compounds found in sage essential oil are camphor and tujone and this at 0.25 % concentration, has antiproliferative effect and absence of genotoxicity