Biopsicossocial, organizacional e espiritual: proposição de um modelo de análise dos antecedentes contextuais de engajamento do trabalho

Abstract

The analysis of Biopsychosocial and Organizational Approach of the Quality of Work Life (QWL) and of the Psychosocial Risk Factors at Work is comprehensive, multidimensional and is in accelerated conceptual construction process. Usually, studies address these topics based on a strong subjective evaluation and aim to provide improvements in the organizational environment, focusing on humanization and engagement in work (FERNANDES, 1996; LIMONGI-FRANÇA, 2015; ALFENAS e RUIZ, 2015). With that in mind, this research work aims at analyzing how the possible predictive relations of the BPSO approach in conjunction with work spirituality and stress-related psychosocial factors are established as contextual antecedents of engagement at work, from the construction of an integrative model of management of organizational behavior in the framework of a perspective of integral vision of the employees of a public educational institution. Regarding to the methodological aspects, the research is classified as an exploratory and descriptive field study, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on a sample of 528 public servants of the administrative sector of a university. The qualitative approach was applied aiming at developing and adapting a data collection instrument based on the BPSO Approach of Limongi-França (1996) along with the Spirituality at Work, here nominated as BPSO+E. For that, the design thinking methodology is applied by operationalizing its five steps (immersion, ideation, prototyping, evolution and final model). The data were treated and analyzed from content analysis (BARDIN, 2017), interviewing experts and pre-test. On the other hand, the quantitative approach was based on three theoretical models: i) adaptation of the BPSO+E model; ii) Health Safety Executive - Indicator Tool (HSE-MS-IT), validated by Edwards et al. (2008); and, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), by Schaufeli e Bakker (2003). The data were treated using univariate and multivariate statistics and the three models and the final model were analyzed through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In the results, the data revealed that the general characterization of the sample profile is predominantly composed of women between 26 and 35 years of age, with high schooling (specialists and masters) with up to 5 years of institution. In the analysis of the phenomena, the three models obtained adequate indexes of adjustment after the exclusion of variables, which means that the models are statistically validated. As for the perception of the respondents, there was a greater dissatisfaction with the biological and social indicators of QWL and greater satisfaction in relation to dimensions organizational, spiritual and psychological. In general, psychosocial factors did not present risks to the sample, meanwhile the dimensions of communication and changes, leadership support and demands were the factors that presented the greatest association with stress at work. In addition, it was identified that the servers are engaged in the work. Finally, the results of the 5 hypotheses of the final model were confirmed in the SEM analysis. Thus, it was verified the existence of a relationship between the studied phenomena in the analysis of the final model, which can be nominated as domino effect, since the analysis of these hypotheses indicated that the satisfaction with BPSO + E approach minimizes the psychosocial risks associated to the stress, which consecutively impacts on the engagement in the work.