Aspectos econômicos da cadeia produtiva da soja na mesorregião noroeste riograndense do estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil

Abstract

In the last decades, soybean cultivation has become the majority in national agribusiness and, particularly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, contributing to economic performance through its importance for raising the trade balance and income aggregation. The soybean production chain aggregates a set of activities with the potential to stimulate economic relations at the local and regional level. In this perspective, the objective of the present research was to analyze the importance of the soybean chain for the economy of Rio Grande do Sul and the Northwest Mesoregion of Rio Grande do Sul, from the quantitative point of view of secondary data analysis. The theoretical framework used included the concepts of production chains, agribusiness systems and the soybean production chain, as well as a systematic literature review focused on studies on the contribution of soybean cultivation to the development of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. For data analysis, the volume of business with tractors and harvesters, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides was estimated, in addition to the services that configure the chains of soybean farming in the Mesoregion, between the 1999 to 2020 crop years. planted area data from IBGE and soybean production costs made available by CONAB. The growth trends and intensification of the segment's activities were supported by econometric growth rate models. From the study developed, it became evident that the economic base of the State of Rio Grande do Sul comes, to a large extent, from agribusiness and that soybean stands out as the one with the greatest economic impact. The results verified in article 2 show that the trend of growth and intensification of soybean activity is increasing in the time series studied. The soybean planted area showed an evolution in its territorial expansion in most of the analyzed micro-regions, corroborating the growing results in the volume of business in inputs and services generated by the soybean crop. From the perspective of the answers to the objectives that guided this study, it was verified the effective contribution of the soybean production chain to the economic development of Rio Grande do Sul and the Northwest Mesoregion of Rio Grande do Sul. The seeds segment presented an annual growth rate of 4.79%, fertilizers 4.05% and crop protection products 2.98%. Another factor to be observed in the results is the growth in most services added to the production of soy.