Modelo práxico para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias: construção e validação na enfermagem

Abstract

Introduction: nursing science needs to strengthen its body of theoretical and methodological knowledge for the construction, validation and evaluation of technologies. (Re)thinking technological production, in the light of philosophy, can be a promising way for tools produced from human consciousness to be planned and applied in/for the practice of the public for which they are intended. This movement allows thinking about the onto-epistemological humanist, conscious and ethical character involved in the creation process. General Objective: to build and validate the Praxis Model for the Development of Technologies in Nursing. Specific Objectives: to identify, in nursing theses and dissertations, the systematic methodology used for the development of technologies; point out the praxis involved in the development of Brazilian nursing technologies in theses and dissertations; build and theorize the stages of the Practical Model for the Development of Technologies; develop and validate an Instrument for the Evaluation of Methodological Models for the Development of Technologies (IAMDT). Method: methodological research, guided by the theoretical framework of Human Praxis. The research was conducted in four stages: theoretical approach; Prototyping of the Praxis Model for Technology Development; Construction and validation of the Instrument for the Evaluation of Methodological Models for the Development of Technologies; Validation of the Practical Model for Technology Development. Data collection took place between February 2020 and September 2022. Data from the theoretical approach were collected and organized in the Atlas.ti software and analyzed using Thematic Content Analysis. The data from the validations of the IAMDT and the Praxis Model were analyzed with the support of the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: the theoretical approximation stage allowed the analysis of 73 theses and dissertations. The data revealed that the production of the Stricto Sensu graduate program in nursing is divided between care, management and educational technologies. Booklet-type educational technologies were more expressive when compared to other typologies. As for the contribution of the productions, the acquisition of knowledge, self-care, autonomy, critical thinking, among others, stood out. In the Prototyping stage of the Praxis Model, it was systematized into four phases: pragmatic, productive/artistic, experimental and revolutionary. The model describes the need for participatory involvement in all its stages so that creation has greater meaning in the context to which it is applied. In the stage of Construction and validation of the Instrument for the Evaluation of Methodological Models, it was composed of 30 items, divided into the content and appearance domains. The instrument was validated by 11 specialists, obtaining a Content Validity Index > 0.80 and Cronbach's Alpha greater than 0.92. As for the Practical Model Validation stage, 26 specialists participated who understood the product as clear and operational for technological development in nursing. Cronbach's Alpha was greater than 0.94 and the Content Validity Index averaged 0.950 in the content domain and 0.825 in the appearance domain. Final Considerations: from its four phases (pragmatic, productive/artistic, experimental and revolutionary), the Praxic Model demonstrates the importance and necessity of the onto-epistemological unity of praxis in the production of knowledge in nursing. The proposal brings as one of its responses the reduction of the gap between nursing theory and practice in the development of technological research. Thus, it is stated that the thesis raised in this research was confirmed that the model represents a possible path for the development of technologies in nursing, sustained in levels of practical awareness and praxis in order to produce products and/or technological processes in the context to which it is directed.