Produtividade de massa seca e edulcorantes em folhas de estévia relacionados à época de colheita

Abstract

Stevia rebaudiana is a perennial plant, native to South America; it has natural sweeteners (steviol glycosides) on their leaves free of calories, very sweet and could be replaced by sucrose without presenting problems to diabetic people diet. Stevia cultivation is widespread all over the world under different weather conditions and the environmental factors could affect the stevia yield. The aims of this study were to evaluate dry weight and sweetener concentration in Stevia rebaudiana leaves during different periods in the year to determinate the best time for harvesting and to verify the influence of environmental conditions in the sweeteners yield. The first trial was carried out during 2012/2013 agricultural year. In total 120 plants were selected and divided in six groups with 20 plants each. Twelve harvests were performed and the higher yield was reached in December at the first harvest for groups 3, 4 and 2 (292.4; 285.2 and 206.7 g m-2, respectively). The sweetener concentrations have differentiated between the date of the harvest and the compounds analysed. The highest concentrations of stevioside (12.16% and 11.36%) and rebaudioside C (2.95% e 1.95%) were found during the harvest in January while the sweetener rebaudioside A, the highest concentrations were 7.01%; 6.16% and 6.15% in December, February and March, respectively. The heighest stevioside concentrations (per cent) (12.16% and 11.36%) and rebaudioside C (2.95% and 1.95%) were found to the harvest done in January, whereas to rebaudioside A, the heighest concentration were in December (7.01%); February (6.16%) and March (6.15%). Photoperiod has influenced the number of days for each harvest as well as the sweetener concentration on the leaves. The second trial seven genotypes were tested by plants already established on the field. The higher yield of dry mass was found during the harvest in March and the sweetener concentrations have decreased to the second harvest comparing to the first one. The highest sweetener concentrations of stevioside in the first harvest were with the genotypes C1, C4 and C8 (11.24; 11.14 and 10.32%, respectively) and genotype C6 has presented the highest rebaudioside A and C concentrations (8.94 and 1.96% respectively).