"Quilombo contemporâneo": o fluxo televisivo mediado pela identidade étnica e movimento social

Abstract

This work is composed by a case study and has as main principles cultural studies and the Latin-American line of reception. The research involves participants of the Black Social Movement of Santa Maria city, located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State. One highlights the interactive complexity of a specific culture, the black culture, with televisual shows, which one supposes to act upon them by the predominant diffusion of cultural models that generally go against their characteristics. One of our hypotheses is that few times the media makes viable signals of recognition. In this way, the involvement with the Black Social Movement is what makes possible to understand the relations among ethnicities, media and social class, where the rhythms, beliefs and habits get along with new forms of organization and living together of the black people. Considering that, one tried to understand how an appropriation of televisual contents happens, its interpretations and uses, since one believes that the practice of the reception can enable a system of symbolic differentiation of the ethnic group involved. One utilized the Communication Mediations of culture, by Martín-Barbero and Theory of Multimediations, by Guillermo Orozco, both developed in Latin-America, as a theoretical and methodological model. Thinking about the receptions in relation to the mediations, one selected three of them to this study: the Ethic Identity, The Social Movement and the Social Class as structuring mediations. In relation to the mediation of the Ethic Identity, the research demonstrates that the black ethnicity unifies the subdivision in existent classes in the Black Movement, as it is a basis to a political action, prescribing some orienting principles of the social conduct based on a common memory, in the belonging/distinction and in the sharing of the black culture. The context, in which the receptors representations occur, that is, where the televisual signification attributed by them is given, is defined by the Social Movement mediations, that also limit the social interaction spaces, and also the temporal perspective adopted. The mediation still locates the goals of the discussion that involves classes and ethnicities, revealing that these categories operate significantly in the flux reception, functioning as systems of reference from where the black people representations on TV are interpreted. Among the readings carried out, according to Stuart Hall s categories, it was verified that in the middle class the opposition readings are more significant. Finally, one confirms that these identity matrices reveal resistant nucleus in the facing with the television.