Avicultura de corte brasileira: desempenho recente e competitividade internacional

Abstract

Many productive sectors, like the Brazilian broiler one, have increased along the last decades. Taking into account meaningful changes related to the organization of agroindustrial systems since the 1960s, besides the increasing industrial investments into the process, Such sectors have improved due to technological development which helped them to succeed in international markets. Until the mid- 1980s, the Brazilian broiler sector had almost its whole production internally consumed. In this sense, investors started to consider broiler production as an alternative business worthy of huge investments. Such activity was spread and developed over many countries, especially in The United States, France, and more recently in China, which prompted the level of competitiveness among worldwide producers. In this way, there is a need of deep evaluation concerning the Brazilian broiler production chances of competitiveness into the international market. Studies have shown that the growth of Brazilian broiler exports is linked to comparative advantages, highly influenced by public politics or artificial international competitive practices. Bearing this in mind, this research aims at evaluating Brazilian broiler production performance, from such analysis it is possible to demonstrate rates showing comparative/competitive advantages into the Brazilian sector. Besides that, this study also considers the kind of incomes such activity has received or if it has been developed according to the theory of comparative advantages In order to meet these objectives, it is necessary, firstly, to evaluate the performance of the main elements into the broiler production process, such as production, consumption, exports, imports, in comparison to worldwide data. Secondly, following the Policy Analysis Matrix methodology, rates will be shown in order to point level of broiler production economic viability, protective/ deprotective levels as its establishment all over the world. The detailed analysis points out i) the Brazilian broiler activity has shown increasing development according to the various rates; ii) In Brazil, such activity has developed above the international average, which reflects into its participation into the international market; iii) Brazil is the third biggest producer of broiler in the world and its main exporter, responsible for 40 % of the whole exports in 2005; iv) the growth of Brazilian participation is linked to comparative advantages; v) the current international and national politics have caused a deprotective consequence into the Brazilian sector which privilege other countries such as the United States. Even though, the Brazilian productive can still be internationally competitive; vi) with the reduction into protective measures in relation to other markets, Brazil can prevail with its broiler production targeted at international market