O Mercosul e a democracia no processo de globalização econômica: o contexto da construção da cidadania pós-nacional e de formas de ação política efetiva

Abstract

This work argues the democracy in the Mercosul, under the bias of the construction in new ways of exercise of the citizenship and action politics of the civil society in the scope of the regional integration and its States Parts. The theory and the practical one of the regional integration establish between integration and democracy an interdependence relation, in way that the democracy not only makes possible the regional integration as reinforce its benefits and, on the other hand, this is capable to contribute for the consolidation and deepening of the democracy in its States Parts. However, besides of the process of democratization of the region, globalization and economic crises had influenced in the adoption for the States of measures that had made of the Mercosul a process of eminently economic integration. Thus, this work demonstrates that to the interdependence between democracy and if also manifest integration of perverse form, a time that to the limited profile of the integration of the Mercosul satisfies the form restricted of the liberal democracy; hindering that as much the democracy as the integration advances. Ahead of such context, this dissertation considers the necessity to endow the citizens and the societies of action forms politics accomplish capable to oppose the perverse effect of the crisis of the State and it model of predominant globalization, making possible and inducing the accomplishment of the democracy and the integration come back toward the promotion of the citizenship and the dignity of the person human being. With respect to in such a way, the existence of independent paradigms of citizenship to the national State, whose presage is in the forms of plea of the neoliberal State and the hegemonic globalization, either by means of institutions of the proper representative democracy is pointed as condition, either for the performance of social movements organized in nets and partnerships with other local, national and transnational actors, considering new meanings to the ideas of democracy and regional integration. These actions of the civil society not yet allow, however, to point with precision its influences on the Mercosul, either because they are recent, either for the doubts on the capacity of organization in net of the movements, either for the incognito regarding the capacity of the Mercosul in institutional innovating to answer to the necessity of democratic insertion of the civil society. The work was elaborated from the revision of literature, norms and legislation, statistical articles, notice and studies regarding the considered subjects, and is divided in two chapters, with two sub chapters each, having been that the first chapter ahead deals with the situation of the Mercosul and the democracy of the effect of the economic globalization, and as the chapter looks for to present alternatives to the overcoming of the problems verified in first, through the analysis of conditions, the practical possibilities and that they indicate the construction of new paradigms of citizenship and new forms of action effective politics.