O lugar do ouvinte nas narrativas radiofônicas: concessão de voz e critérios de acionamento dos ouvintes-enunciadores

Abstract

The central theme developed in this thesis is the listener's participation in radio journalistic narratives. The main objective of the investigation was to identify, through the analysis of a media product, the criteria and circumstances responsible for influencing the activation and the voice concession to the listeners-enunciators in the configuration of radio journalistic narratives transmitted in real time. For this, the thesis is anchored theoretically and methodologically in Narrative Studies, specifically in Critical Narrative Analysis, a method proposed by Motta (2013b). From this perspective, the work discusses the understanding of journalism as a narrative of the present time and the characteristics of radio narratives, according to their specificities. Empirically, the thesis analyzes five radio narratives with distinct themes, configured in the program Gaúcha Atualidade, belonging to the programming grid of the Porto Alegre radio station Gaúcha, and transmitted between July and September 2016. In a first step, the analysis compared the set of voices activated in the configuration of the narratives, emphasizing quantitatively and qualitatively the interventions of the audience. Next, the narrative sequences in which contributions sent by listeners were identified were individually examined and classified according to the attributes of the listeners-enunciators, the messages and the value effects generated. The systematization of the results led to the identification of seven main criteria, responsible for activating and giving voice to listeners: a) the type of event narrated; b) the actuality and immediacy of the messages sent by the audience; c) the saturation of messages with similar content; d) the testimony and credibility of the information sent by the listener; e) the geographical location of the listener; f) the qualification of the listener-enunciator; and, g) the adequacy and reinforcement of the dramatic project assumed in the narrative. The thesis concludes that the activation and the voice concession to the listeners, besides being controlled by the vehicle and its professionals, are also instrumental, so that they fulfill certain purposes within the framework (dramatic project) proposed for each narrative. In an extended way, the research reflects on the relevance, from the journalistic point of view, of the opening of space for the synchronous participation of the listener in the radio narrations, considering that this participation can be understood as a technique of enunciation peculiar to the radio narratives, employed with different objectives, but guided by the intention to involve the audience, producing effects of proximity and belonging that, in turn, lead to the fidelity of the audience and the consequent economic viability of the vehicle.