Cones generalizados: uma abordagem no ensino médio por meio de atividades exploratórias

Abstract

Geometry is one of the areas of Mathematics that contributes to the development of the ability to abstract, generalize and that naturally allows to relate to constructions, analyze forms and observe everyday objects. Therefore, it is believed that in the process of teaching and learning it is essential to include activities in which students, through manipulation and experiments, appropriate more meaningfully the knowledge involved, identifying geometric forms of a given object as well as properties involved. In this way, in particular, they can establish conjectures, solving situations that involve the calculation of areas and volumes, but not necessarily, directly with the application of formulas to obtain the required result. Therefore, the proposal of this work is based on the elaboration and application of a didactic sequence involving spatial geometry in High School, specifically in the study of pyramids and cones. Thus it is believed that this work can collaborate for a less compartmentalized learning on the part of the students, as usually the textbooks present. With this bias, we opted for the use of manipulable materials that require the elaboration of three-dimensional geometric constructions where the student can through constructions, establish relationships and explore characteristics of each of the solids involved. In the activities, objects of daily life were also explored to show practical aspects of Geometry. The didactic sequence was applied in a third year class of High School and in this work is presented its planning, as well as the description of the interventions performed, together with the analysis of the results from the instruments used for data collection.