Formação acadêmico-profissional de licenciandos em química por meio de módulos de ensino sobre transformações químicas

Abstract

A central issue related to chemistry is that of chemical transformations, which in turn to be properly understood must be addressed based on the three levels of representation of matter (macroscopic, submicroscopic and representational). This research focuses on chemical transformations and was divided into two stages, and in the first stage we investigated the conceptions of teachers of high school chemistry, as well as academics of the 5th semester of the Chemistry Degree course of the Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM. Our goal was to verify chemistry teachers' understanding of the topic of chemical transformation and to learn the challenges of academics when planning and applying a class, their concept of chemical transformation, and their interest in participating in teaching modules in the year 2018. The results obtained in the first stage, through investigative questionnaires, show that both chemistry teachers and academics of the 5th semester of Chemistry Degree presented misconceptions about the topic of chemical transformations. In addition, it was found that the academics presented as a challenge when planning and applying a class teaching methodologies. As for the participation of teaching modules in 2018, all academics who had not yet attended the Chemistry Teaching Practice I and II subjects were interested in participating. At the moment prior to application of research (1st and 2nd stages), a bibliographic research was conducted in national publications (ENEQ annals and editions of QNEsc magazine), on the teaching and learning of the topic of chemical transformations, in the period from 2008 to 2018. Of a total of approximately 5,169 publications, only 82 referred to the subject under investigation. Through the analysis of the 82 publications, it was found that only seven of them mentioned the three levels of representation of the subject in their approaches. This finding, together with the data obtained in the first stage of the research, was extremely important because it made us reflect on the materials that would be elaborated and developed in the teaching modules with the academics. In the 2nd stage of the research, approaches were made regarding teaching methodologies and the topic of chemical transformations with academics registered in the Chemistry Teaching Practices I and II subjects of the Degree Chemistry course at the Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM. The approaches occurred through the development of teaching modules, which were intended to provide subsidies to assist in the undergraduate academic and professional training. During the development of the 2nd stage of the research, different data collection instruments were used, such as: questionnaires, concept maps, descriptive activities, class plan, etc. According to the results obtained in the different instruments used, we found that the academics understood the three levels of representation of the subject, and initially none of them understood the real meaning of the levels; As far as science is concerned, academics have been able to understand the inadequate views, and they have been able to demonstrate through examples. Regarding the teaching methodologies, it was possible to verify that the academics started to better understand their fundamentals and characteristics, as well as a better understanding of the academics on the topic of chemical transformations.