Ciências humanas: uma reflexão sobre abordagem cultural no PNAIC e suas implicações no currículo escolar

Abstract

This dissertation is part of the research line LP2, called School Practices and Public Policies, of the Post-Graduation Program in Education, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). It presents as general objective: To investigate how the cultural approach of the Human Sciences copyBook of the National Program of Literacy in the Right Age (PNAIC) is given. Considering that the Human Sciences, in the literacy cycle, are represented by the disciplines of Geography and History, as their object of study is the relationship between human beings and nature over time, The specific objectives are: (A) To analyze in the notebook of formation of Human Sciences of the PNAIC how the cultural singularities are presented for the development of its approach in the Literacy Cycle; (B) To investigate the extent to which plurality and cultural diversity are included in the notebook PNAIC Human Sciences; (C) Understand and problematize the relevance of the cultural approach of the PNAIC Human Sciences Notebook in the elaboration of the school curriculum in the literacy cycle; D) Analyze the relationship between PNAIC and BNCC on cultural approach and its implications on school curriculum. Methodologically, the research is of the qualitative, exploratory and descriptive type, it was developed having as procedure the documentary analysis for the production of data. As reference, the PNAIC Guidance Document was used to analyze the program; PNAIC Curricular Guidelines Notebook; PNAIC Human Sciences Training Notebook. Regarding the teaching work, the work of Hypólito (1997) was used; in order to understand the cultural theme emphasis in school curricula, the guidelines set out in the National Curricular Parameters (NCP), the Curricular Framework of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and the National Curricular Common Base (BNCC) were examined. And, the understanding of the term Culture from authors such as Claval (1999) and Cuche (2002). As a result, the research presents the relevance of the cultural approach present in the school curricula and, in this way, aims to foment the debate of the magnitude for the exploration of the Human Sciences with a view to a pluralistic formation, with responsibility and respect for human rights and their singularities.