Uso de antioxidantes naturais na preservação do estado oxidativo de salsichas

Abstract

Lipid oxidation is one of the main causes of loss in food quality. In order to prevent oxidative deterioration and organoleptic changes in foods, industries use antioxidants agents. In past few years, the use of natural antioxidants derived from plant extracts, fruits and cereals has attracted the interest of researchers and consumers because they are, generally, healthier and safer than artificial ones. Phenolic compounds are hydroxylated aromatics substances of great structural diversity, which have antioxidant activity and, therefore, they have been widely studied as natural antioxidants in foods. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and grapes have large amounts of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity is broadly known. The objective of this study was to extract phenolic compounds of agroindustrial residues as barley and Merlot and Moscato grapes (Vitis vinifera), from beer and wine production, to apply these extracts in sausages and to evaluate their antioxidant potential. As comparation parameter it was used the synthetic antioxidant sodium erythorbate, generally used in meat products. It were evaluated proximate composition, pH, color, texture, fatty acid profile, oxidative stability (peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS and volatile compounds derived from lipid oxidation) and sensory quality of treatments along 60 days of storage at 4 °C. Color stability was improved by addition of extract of vinification residues from Merlot grape, furthermore, the addition of natural extracts had little effect on texture parameters of sausages. It was observed that the natural extracts, as well as sodium erythorbate, were effective in delaying lipid oxidation, measured by TBARS, until day 30, and the treatment with Merlot residue extract was the most efficient. The fatty acid profile was significantly affected by the storage time of the samples and slightly affected by the addition of antioxidants. It was observed a reduction in the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and an increase in saturated ones throughout the experiment, which showed the progression of lipid oxidation during the period. The production of different volatile compounds during storage featured each period, being the start period featured by a greater presence of aldehydes, the day 30 featured by presence of volatile 2-butoxyethanol and the day 60 featured by 3-hydroxy-2-butanone. In sensory analysis, only the treatment with extract of brewery residues was rejected by judges in all periods for taste and odor. These results demonstrate that the extracts of vinification residues, especially from Merlot grape, are efficient antioxidants and its can be effectively used in sausages without causing losses to the sensory quality of the product.