Desenvolvimento de patê de fígado de bovino com distintas fontes de lipídios e inclusão ou não de fibra de trigo

Abstract

Strategies for the reformulation of meat products have becoming object of scientific research, seeking to make them healthier in relation to their nutritional composition.The fibers inclusion and animal fat replacement by vegetable oils, is one of the alternatives the food industry can search in order to appeal to customers. Despite several fat substitutes use related researches and the healthy lipid formulations development in meat products, there are very few reports addressing the fiber inclusion and lipids substitution simultaneously in pates. Given this, the present research employed the beef livers feedstock for the pate preparation as meat product, adding wheat fiber and linseed oil as an animal fat substitute, getting a functional product. This research aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensorial storage time characteristics of the beef liver pate with different sources of lipids with inclusion or not of wheat fiber. There were four pates formulation developed with reduced fat content, in which two of them pork backfat was used as animal fat source and linseed oil as vegetable oil lipids source for the other two. The formulations had the inclusion or not of wheat fiber (3%). The characteristics evaluated were the proximate composition and during the refrigerated storage (4˚C) for 75 days, the water activity (aw), the pH, the susceptibility to oxidation (conjugated diene CD, peroxide value POV, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS), the color, the texture profile and the fatty acid, as well as the pates sensorial analysis. The chemical composition changed, showing a total lipid content 25% reduction compared to conventional products. The pates with linseed oil presented higher susceptibility to oxidation, showing that vegetable oil source makes the product more susceptible to lipid oxidation. The pate with linseed oil presented more yellowness when compared to the one with pork backfat. This last one became firmer when combined with wheat fiber. The fatty acid profile was significantly modified, decreasing the content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and considerably increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), specially the n-3 α-linoleic in the linseed oil pates. Sensory, the pates made with animal fat were accepted best, however, the wheat fiber provided a favorable acceptability for the products prepared with beef liver. Given the above, it is viable to use the beef liver when including the wheat fiber and linseed oil in pates as a technologically viable alternative providing the consumption of functional meat products.