Otimização de formulações de salsicha mista produzidas com carne de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

Abstract

This study evaluated the utilization of pulp obtained from filleting wastes and soybean fiber in the formulation of mixed red meat/fish sausages and was aimed at increasing the nutritional value of cooked sausages and making good use of agroindustrial byproducts. First we evaluated the effect of replacing red meat with silver catfish pulp obtained from filleting wastes (PFW 0, 25, 37 and 50% of total batter) on the nutritional, technological and sensory properties, as well as on the shelf life of sausages under refrigeration. The replacement yielded sensory acceptable cooked sausages both in a full-fat formulation (PFW-25%) and in a low-fat formulation (PFW- 37%). These formulations, especially the low-fat one had improved nutritional value (higher EPA+DHA content and lower n-6/n-3 ratio) and better technological characteristics than the full-fat red meat control sausage. The lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage was not accelerated by fish pulp. Although fish pulp did not increase total plate counts, some caution must be taken with the microbiological stability, since fish-containing sausages had slightly higher psychrotrophic counts during refrigerated storage. Secondly, aiming at enlarging the range of applications of agroindustrial by-products, we investigated the effect of soybean fiber (0, 1.6, 2.4, 3.8 and 4.5%) on the physiochemical, technological and sensory properties of low-fat meat/fish cooked sausages made with a pulp from silver catfish filleting wastes. Soybean fiber decreased the moisture and increased ash and protein content, with no changes in water activity or pH of sausages. All fiber-containing sausages had greater tendency to yellowness (higher b* value) and increased hardness, gumminess and chewiness, while the other changes in color (chroma and hue angle) and texture parameters (springiness and cohesiveness) were observed only in the formulations containing intermediate and higher soybean fiber levels. Soybean fiber reduced cooking loss and improved emulsion stability. Sensory evaluation revealed that up to 2.4% soybean dietary fiber (5.4% soybean fiber powder) can be added to low-fat meat/fish sausage formulations without changes in the overall acceptability. These results indicate that the pulp from silver catfish filleting wastes and soybean fiber can be used to develop novel healthier fish/meat sausages enriched in n-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber, with better technological properties, while keeping sensory characteristics similar to the conventional products.